Greek Artifacts > Periplus of the Euxine Sea

Periplus of the Euxine Sea

The "Periplus of the Euxine Sea," also known as the "Periplus of the Black Sea," is an ancient navigational text that provides a detailed account of the coastal geography, ports, and sailing routes around the Black Sea, known in antiquity as the Euxine Sea. Here are some key aspects of this work:

Authorship and Date

1. Arrian of Nicomedia: The "Periplus of the Euxine Sea" is attributed to Arrian of Nicomedia, a Greek historian, public servant, military commander, and philosopher of the Roman Empire. Arrian is best known for his work "Anabasis of Alexander," a detailed history of Alexander the Great's campaigns.

2. Date: The "Periplus" was written around 130 CE during the Roman Empire. Arrian composed this work while serving as the governor of the Roman province of Cappadocia, which included parts of the southern coast of the Black Sea.

Content and Structure

1. Navigational Guide: The "Periplus" serves as a navigational guide for sailors and traders, describing the coastal features, ports, distances between points, and notable landmarks around the Black Sea. It provides practical information for safe and efficient maritime navigation.

2. Geographical Descriptions: Arrian's work includes detailed descriptions of various cities, harbors, and regions along the Black Sea coast. He mentions significant places such as Byzantium (modern Istanbul), Sinope, Trapezus (modern Trabzon), and many others.

3. Cultural and Historical Insights: In addition to navigational details, the "Periplus" offers insights into the cultural, historical, and economic significance of the regions and cities along the Black Sea. Arrian notes the ethnic groups, local customs, and important historical events associated with these areas.

Significance and Legacy

1. Historical Value: The "Periplus of the Euxine Sea" is a valuable historical document that provides a snapshot of the Black Sea region during the Roman Empire. It offers a unique perspective on ancient maritime practices, trade routes, and geopolitical dynamics.

2. Geographical Knowledge: Arrian's detailed descriptions contribute to our understanding of ancient geography and the extent of Greek and Roman exploration and colonization. The work reflects the advanced state of geographical knowledge and navigational skills of the time.

3. Influence on Later Works: The "Periplus" has influenced later geographical and navigational texts. It serves as a reference for scholars studying ancient maritime history, geography, and the interactions between different cultures around the Black Sea.

Example Extract

Here is an example extract from the "Periplus of the Euxine Sea," describing the city of Trapezus (modern Trabzon):

"From Amisus, a voyage of two thousand five hundred stades brings you to Trapezus, a Greek city in the territory of the Colchians. It was founded by merchants from Sinope who came to trade with the Colchians. The harbor is good, and the city is situated on a height, with a river flowing by its walls."

Summary

The "Periplus of the Euxine Sea," attributed to Arrian of Nicomedia, is an ancient navigational guide that provides detailed descriptions of the coastal geography, ports, and sailing routes around the Black Sea. Written around 130 CE, it offers valuable historical, cultural, and geographical insights into the region during the Roman Empire. The work is an important source for understanding ancient maritime practices and the interactions between various cultures along the Black Sea coast.

Sources

Artifacts