Greek Geography > Rhodes

Rhodes

Background

Rhodes is an island in the southeastern Aegean Sea, part of Greece, and it has a rich history that spans thousands of years. It was an important cultural and commercial hub in ancient times, renowned for its impressive monuments and strategic location. Rhodes is also famous for the Colossus of Rhodes, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.

Key Historical and Cultural Features of Rhodes:

1. Ancient History:

   • Early Settlements: Rhodes has been inhabited since the Neolithic period. In ancient times, it was home to the Minoans and later the Mycenaeans.
   • Dorian Colonization: Around the 10th century BCE, the island was colonized by the Dorians. The three major cities of ancient Rhodes—Lindos, Ialyssos, and Kameiros—were founded during this period.

2. Classical and Hellenistic Periods:

   • Unification and Urban Planning: In 408 BCE, the three city-states united to form the city of Rhodes, which was meticulously planned and built on the northern tip of the island. This new city quickly became a major naval and commercial power.
   • Colossus of Rhodes: The Colossus, a giant statue of the sun god Helios, was constructed around 292-280 BCE to celebrate Rhodes' victory over the ruler of Cyprus. It stood approximately 33 meters (108 feet) high and was one of the tallest statues of the ancient world. It was destroyed by an earthquake in 226 BCE.

3. Roman and Byzantine Periods:

   • Roman Rule: In 164 BCE, Rhodes became a Roman ally and later part of the Roman Empire. The island flourished under Roman rule, benefiting from its strategic location and trade connections.
   • Byzantine Era: After the division of the Roman Empire, Rhodes became part of the Byzantine Empire. The island continued to be an important military and commercial center.

4. Medieval Period:

   • Knights Hospitaller: In 1309, the Knights Hospitaller (also known as the Knights of Rhodes) took control of the island. They fortified the city of Rhodes with impressive walls and built the Palace of the Grand Master. The Knights ruled the island until 1522 when it fell to the Ottoman Turks.

5. Ottoman and Modern Periods:

   • Ottoman Rule: Rhodes remained under Ottoman control for nearly four centuries. During this period, the island retained its multicultural character, with Greeks, Turks, and Jews living together.
   • Italian Occupation: In 1912, Italy seized Rhodes during the Italo-Turkish War. The Italians restored many medieval buildings and added new infrastructure.
   • Return to Greece: After World War II, in 1947, Rhodes, along with the rest of the Dodecanese islands, was returned to Greece.

Key Sites and Attractions:

1. Medieval City of Rhodes:

   • Palace of the Grand Master: Originally built in the late 7th century as a Byzantine fortress, it was later transformed by the Knights Hospitaller into their grand palace. Today, it is a museum.
   • Street of the Knights: A well-preserved medieval street lined with the inns of the various "langues" (national divisions) of the Knights.
   • Medieval Walls: The fortifications built by the Knights are some of the best-preserved medieval walls in Europe.

2. Ancient Sites:

   • Acropolis of Lindos: A spectacular site with ruins from various periods, including the temple of Athena Lindia, a Hellenistic stoa, and a medieval castle.
   • Acropolis of Rhodes: Located on Monte Smith hill, it includes the remains of a stadium, a small theatre (Odeon), and the Temple of Apollo.

3. Beaches and Natural Beauty:

   • Anthony Quinn Bay: A picturesque bay named after the actor who fell in love with it while filming "The Guns of Navarone."
   • Faliraki Beach: One of the most popular beaches on the island, known for its lively atmosphere and water sports.
   • Valley of the Butterflies: A nature reserve where thousands of butterflies gather during the summer months.

4. Modern Attractions:

   • Archaeological Museum of Rhodes: Housed in the Hospital of the Knights, it features artifacts from the island's ancient, medieval, and modern periods.
   • Kallithea Springs: Restored Italian-era spa facilities with beautiful gardens and swimming areas.

Conclusion:

Rhodes is an island rich in history and culture, with a diverse heritage that spans ancient Greek, Roman, Byzantine, medieval, Ottoman, and modern periods. Its well-preserved medieval city, ancient ruins, beautiful beaches, and vibrant modern attractions make it a fascinating destination for tourists. The legacy of the Colossus of Rhodes and the impressive fortifications built by the Knights Hospitaller continue to captivate visitors, offering a glimpse into the island's storied past.

Sources

Greek Geography